Oct 22

Cannabis Use During Pregnancy: What You Need to Know

Since the legalization of cannabis in Canada in 2018, there has been a rise in cannabis use across different populations, including pregnant women. A recent study revealed a troubling increase in cannabis use disorder (CUD) among pregnant individuals, jumping by more than 20% after legalization. As cannabis becomes more accessible, it's important to understand the risks associated with its use during pregnancy and how it can affect both mothers and their babies.

What is Cannabis Use Disorder?

Cannabis use disorder (CUD) refers to a pattern of cannabis use that leads to significant impairment or distress. Symptoms include cravings, an inability to reduce usage, and continued use despite harmful effects. This disorder, which can develop with regular use, becomes especially concerning during pregnancy because of the potential impact on both maternal health and fetal development.

Why Cannabis Use During Pregnancy is Risky

Cannabis, particularly its psychoactive component THC, can cross the placenta and affect the developing fetus. Some of the potential risks include:

  • Low birth weight: Babies born to mothers who use cannabis during pregnancy are more likely to have lower birth weights, which can lead to other complications.

  • Preterm birth: Cannabis use has been associated with a higher risk of preterm labor, which increases the chances of developmental delays and long-term health issues.

  • Neurodevelopmental issues: Exposure to cannabis in utero has been linked to problems with attention, memory, and behavior as the child grows.

One of the biggest concerns is that cannabis may interfere with the development of the baby's brain, leading to cognitive and behavioural issues later in life. Additionally, using cannabis during pregnancy could increase the risk of attention deficit disorders, such as ADHD, and may be linked to autism spectrum disorders.

The Impact of Legalization

Since the legalization of cannabis, the normalization of its use has become more widespread. This change in social attitudes might lead pregnant individuals to underestimate the risks associated with cannabis use during pregnancy. Many people assume that because cannabis is now legal, it is safe to use, but this is not always the case - especially when it comes to pregnancy.

A key finding from recent studies is that legalization has coincided with an increase in the number of women using cannabis while pregnant, with a notable rise in those developing CUD. This is concerning, as individuals with cannabis use disorder often find it challenging to reduce or stop their consumption, even when they are aware of the risks.

How to Stay Safe During Pregnancy

If you’re pregnant or planning to become pregnant, it’s important to avoid cannabis use to minimize risks to both you and your baby.
Here are some key steps you can take:

  1. Consult your healthcare provider: If you’re using cannabis and find it difficult to stop, talk to your doctor or a healthcare professional. They can offer support and guidance on how to reduce usage safely.

  2. Seek alternatives for managing symptoms: Some pregnant individuals turn to cannabis to manage symptoms like nausea or anxiety. If this is the case, ask your healthcare provider about safer alternatives.

  3. Stay informed: Being aware of the risks of cannabis use during pregnancy is an essential step in making informed decisions. Not all cannabis products are the same, and some can be much more potent than others, so it's crucial to understand what you're consuming.

  4. Access support services: For those struggling with cannabis use disorder, seeking professional help through counselling or addiction services can be a critical step in reducing or eliminating usage during pregnancy.

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